事实上从民主的角度讲，没有任何个人（例如军政府首脑），家族（例如皇室），政治团体（例如政党），普选民意代表（例如普选的总统），拥有独立的执政合法性。他们本质上只是在“代民行政”。 换句话说，任何执政者，一旦采取措施限制人民表达（对执政者行为做出评价的言论自由）和统计（第三方民意测验）对他的支持度和对他的潜在竞争者的支持度，他执政的合法性就立即失去。
中国人民币升值评估。
中国有人民币升值的需求。我数年前，在人民币兑美元还是8.277:1的时候，曾测算过，人民币对美元的汇率平衡点大约在5.3-5.7:1。大约是在2004年。 但是快速升值会给中国产业和经济带来无法承受的冲击，而且会因热钱炒作带来无法估量的损失。 当时的估算是，如果中国GDP增速能保持8%以上，人民币年升值3%比较合适。如果GDP增速能达到10%，人民币年升值可以承受4%。 自2005年六月人民币启动升值以来，已经6年过去，人民币兑美元汇率近期在6.5:1附近浮动。人民币兑美元币值是2005年五月的127.3%。折合年升值速率4.11%。这个结合这些年中国GDP年均增速略超10.5%的事实， （2005 10．4% 2006 11．6% 2007 13．0% 2008 8．9% 2009 9．1% 2010 10．3%） 4.11%的年均升值速率是近乎理想的。 近年中国经济虽然在努力转型，但是到目前为止，是否能够转型成功尚无定论。人民币兑美元的汇率平衡点仍在5.0-5.3:1之间。以中值5.15计算，人民币兑美元仍有约26.2%的升值空间。鉴于中国经济增速将无可避免逐渐放缓，人民币兑美元升值速率也必须逐渐放缓。可控范围如不出意外，将仍在年升值幅度3%左右。这意味着人民币兑美元仍有8年左右每年升值3%的路要走。 此间，如果中国经济成功转型，人民币兑美元平衡汇率可能少于5:1。人民币不排除升值快于年率3%的幅度。如果经济转型困难较大，人民币兑美元平衡汇率可能会回到5.5:1左右，升值压力或会逐渐减小，升值或提前结束。 反之，如果中国经济转型失败，导致恶性通货膨胀，人民币兑美元汇率不排除逆转的可能。 人民币兑美元缓慢可控升值虽然加大中国出口企业的困境，导致中国美元资产贬值。但是这却从另一个方面证明中国经济运转正常，增长强劲。GDP和人均收入的增长给人民带来好处远远大于外汇资产贬值带来的损失。 这些希望有识之士理解。
When NFS4 mount as nobody:nobody
The rpc.idmapd malfunctioned. Cure: service rpcidmapd restart Work in: RHEL6 Also, check /var/log/message of the client to see which domain it expects. If you see line as rpc.idmapd[10199]: nss_getpwnam: name ‘user@domain’ does not map into domain ‘some_domain’ you’d go to the server and add line Domain = some_domain under the [General] section of /etc/idmapd.conf and […]
Today, President Obama announced the death of Osama Bin Laden
The president announced to the nation that “justice has been done” in the death of Osama Bin Laden. A small team of Americans carried out the operation to kill bin Laden in Pakistan. Read more: http://ww w.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7364586n&tag=cbsnewsMainColumnArea#ixzz1LAmSqPTo
Any prime number is the average of at least one pairs of inequal prime numbers
According to Goldbach’s conjecture, any 2*p = p + p fulfills it. This can be a little stronger, to make 2*p=p1+p2, p1 <> p2, it still stands. For example: “Prime[5]:11+/-6*1=5+17” “Prime[6]:13+/-6*1=7+19” “Prime[7]:17+/-6*1=11+23” “Prime[8]:19+/-6*2=7+31” “Prime[9]:23+/-6*1=17+29” “Prime[10]:29+/-6*2=17+41” “Prime[11]:31+/-6*2=19+43” “Prime[12]:37+/-6*1=31+43” “Prime[13]:41+/-6*2=29+53” “Prime[14]:43+/-6*4=19+67” The full list up to: “Prime[1306583450]:30158696947+/-6*185=30158695837+30158698057” is downloadable as GoldbachAverage_typed_ranks.primes.tgz (caution, large file). It is straight […]
Upgrade RHEL5 to RHEL6
Redhat always recommends to reinstall from scratch for a major version upgrade of its RHEL system. However, if you have a highly customized system with plenty third party softwares and non-standard settings, even if you have a full record of all customer settings, it will still be a big job, days, and aftermath to have […]
Linux reboot without chkdisk
add option fastboot in grub.
General rule of PRP
For any positive integer k, if it can be factored to the form k=p1^m1*p2^m2*…*pn^mn suppose q is a prime number such that q is not a factor of k, then Mod[q^(p*(p1-1)*(p2-1)*…*(pn-1)/（p1*p2*…*pn）), k]=1 Special: If k is a prime, and q is a different prime number, Mod[q^(k-1), k] = 1
OEIS-A139602 first 1000 found
“00001:Prime[5]:11+/-6*1=5+17” “00002:Prime[8]:19+/-6*2=7+31” “00003:Prime[18]:61+/-6*3=43+79” “00004:Prime[14]:43+/-6*4=19+67” “00005:Prime[25]:97+/-6*5=67+127” “00006:Prime[38]:163+/-6*6=127+199” “00007:Prime[43]:191+/-6*7=149+233” “00008:Prime[50]:229+/-6*8=181+277” “00009:Prime[61]:283+/-6*9=229+337” “00010:Prime[48]:223+/-6*10=163+283” “00011:Prime[132]:743+/-6*11=677+809” “00012:Prime[167]:991+/-6*12=919+1063” “00013:Prime[100]:541+/-6*13=463+619” “00014:Prime[88]:457+/-6*14=373+541” “00015:Prime[151]:877+/-6*15=787+967” “00016:Prime[217]:1327+/-6*16=1231+1423” “00017:Prime[176]:1049+/-6*17=947+1151” “00018:Prime[216]:1321+/-6*18=1213+1429” “00019:Prime[270]:1733+/-6*19=1619+1847” “00020:Prime[214]:1307+/-6*20=1187+1427” “00021:Prime[300]:1987+/-6*21=1861+2113” “00022:Prime[785]:6011+/-6*22=5879+6143” “00023:Prime[429]:2971+/-6*23=2833+3109” “00024:Prime[687]:5153+/-6*24=5009+5297” “00025:Prime[308]:2029+/-6*25=1879+2179” “00026:Prime[1083]:8693+/-6*26=8537+8849” “00027:Prime[374]:2551+/-6*27=2389+2713” “00028:Prime[644]:4789+/-6*28=4621+4957” “00029:Prime[713]:5407+/-6*29=5233+5581” “00030:Prime[320]:2129+/-6*30=1949+2309” “00031:Prime[840]:6473+/-6*31=6287+6659” “00032:Prime[608]:4481+/-6*32=4289+4673” “00033:Prime[654]:4889+/-6*33=4691+5087” “00034:Prime[577]:4217+/-6*34=4013+4421” “00035:Prime[1005]:7951+/-6*35=7741+8161” “00036:Prime[1409]:11743+/-6*36=11527+11959” “00037:Prime[1631]:13789+/-6*37=13567+14011” “00038:Prime[1215]:9851+/-6*38=9623+10079” “00039:Prime[928]:7253+/-6*39=7019+7487” “00040:Prime[1386]:11491+/-6*40=11251+11731” “00041:Prime[2304]:20393+/-6*41=20147+20639” “00042:Prime[1984]:17231+/-6*42=16979+17483” “00043:Prime[1203]:9749+/-6*43=9491+10007” “00044:Prime[2336]:20747+/-6*44=20483+21011” “00045:Prime[853]:6599+/-6*45=6329+6869” “00046:Prime[1638]:13873+/-6*46=13597+14149” “00047:Prime[1899]:16369+/-6*47=16087+16651” “00048:Prime[1806]:15461+/-6*48=15173+15749” “00049:Prime[1974]:17123+/-6*49=16829+17417” “00050:Prime[1594]:13451+/-6*50=13151+13751” “00051:Prime[1228]:9967+/-6*51=9661+10273” “00052:Prime[2958]:26959+/-6*52=26647+27271” “00053:Prime[2371]:21089+/-6*53=20771+21407” “00054:Prime[4376]:41863+/-6*54=41539+42187” “00055:Prime[2999]:27437+/-6*55=27107+27767” […]
Quaked around the pacific. When will it be for California?
00:58:53 UTC on Sunday, December 26, 2004 – Indonesia, Indian Ocean Floor M9.1 to 9.3 Earthquake triggered Tsunami, killed over 230,000 people in fourteen countries. 14:28:01.42 CST (02:28:01.42 EDT)[13] on May 12, 2008 – Sichuan China, M8.0 Earthquake, killed at least 68,000 people. 06:34 UTC February 27, 2010 – off the coast of the Maule […]