Matlab parpool in GUI
Matlab R2017a can start parpool in text mode but will crash in GUI. The problem is that it is trying to modify a few files in the local toolbox to accommodate the computer specs. If the directory %MATLAB/toolbox/local is readonly, the updated profile will fail writing, and the parpool will still attempt to start on default profile, which crashes since hardware mismatch.
To fix this, you can assign global writing privilege to the %MATLAB/toolbox/local folder, and try again.